Technical Papers

Phase-Locked Loop Simulation with Modulated Stead-State Analysis

Posted in: Custom Design & Simulation
Currently, a Phase-Locked Loop remains one of the more difficult designs to characterize; the transient simulation used is a large time consumer. The time step used for the simulation is given by the Radio Frequency (RF) signal provided by the VCO that could be 1000 times greater than the low frequency signal (i.e. reference clock).
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A Fully Automated Approach for Analog Circuit Reuse

Posted in: Custom Design & Simulation

Demonstrated in this paper is a technique for automatic circuit resizing between different technologies. It is not based on any optimization techniques, but rather relies on a new algorithm based on knowledge extraction, which makes it a very fast technique. This technique studies the original design and extracts its major features (basic devices & blocks features, device matching, parasitics, symmetry) and then produces a re-sized design in the target technology with the same performance as the original design. The migration of a low voltage Delta Sigma modulator is presented in this paper to validate the migration engine.

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Post-Layout Analysis with Eldo and Eldo RF

Posted in: Custom Design & Simulation
It is important to verify the behavior and interaction of digital, analog and RF circuitry together in the presence of layout parasitics. This also means being able to debug the design in the presence of parasitics, and mastering large amounts of parasitic data. An approach is presented which allows the design engineer to use Eldo® and Eldo RF to achieve the best combination for accuracy, performance and debugging.
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Bluetooth Transceiver Design: A Top-Down Flow for Complex RF Mixed-Signal ICs

Posted in: Custom Design & Simulation
This paper describes the design challenges of BlueTraCTM, a low-cost, low-power radio transceiver. It details how a topdown methodology along with mixed-signal/mixed-mode techniques and behavioral modeling can be used to effectively address and solve the design challenges of this complex RF mixed-signal IC. The methodology leverages an out-of-the-box design flow from Mentor Graphics that includes Design Architect-IC for design entry and simulation control, ADVance MS (ADMS) for single-kernel mixed-mode simulation, IC Station for schematic-driven physical layout, and Calibre for physical verification and extraction.
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Modeling and Simulating a ZigBee Wireless Transmitter Path using ADMS RF

Posted in: Custom Design & Simulation
Today's high technology marketplace demands more capability and reliability from wireless technologies, especially low-cost and low-power wireless communications with relatively low data rates. These types of applications are used in home automation systems, games and automotive controls, and the requirements for these radio transceiver systems make a highly-integrated CMOS implementation an obvious choice. The ZigBee wireless technology and its underlying IEEE 802.15.4 standard is an ideal low-cost, lowpower wireless solution.
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Efficient Simulation Techniques for Modulated Delta-Sigma Fractional-N Synthesizers

Posted in: Custom Design & Simulation

In this technical paper, we show an efficient simulation methodology for the analysis of spurs in a fractional-N delta-sigma PLL. Delta-sigma PLLs can be used for frequency synthesis or even direct modulation, typically for GMSK or GFSK. The simulators used are Eldo, Eldo RF and ADMS RF.

A delta-sigma PLL is an attractive solution for agile frequency synthesis or even direct modulation. This architecture indeed can meet requirements such as low-power consumption and simple topology, and is suitable for high-level integration.

The goal is to analyze the possible reasons for the presence of said fractional spurs in the output spectrum of a fractional-N delta-sigma PLL for wireless applications, and to show how this can be efficiently simulated.

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Bluetooth Transceiver Design with VHDL-AMS

Posted in: Custom Design & Simulation
This paper describes the design challenges of BlueTraC, a low-cost, low-power radio transceiver and the usage of mixed-signal/mixed-mode techniques and behavioral modeling with ADVance MS (ADMS) from Mentor Graphics to address and solve them. BlueTraC from Spirea is a Bluetooth 1.1 compliant Class 2 radio transceiver. In addition to all the required RF and analog functions, the chip also includes a complete digital GFSK modem, making it a very complex mixed-signal (MS) system-on-chip (SoC). VHDL-AMS, the mixed-signal IEEE 1076.1 standard modeling language, was used to describe the SoC building blocks at different levels of detail and complexity. This permitted us to perform top level functional verification and debugging, as well as detailed subsystem simulations throughout the design process. We are presenting the concept and the results we obtained, in terms of performance and accuracy. The methodology that we deployed increased the confidence in silicon success and allowed on time delivery.
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Inductor Device Generators for Automation of RF IC Design

Posted in: Custom Design & Simulation

Today's mixed-signal RF IC designs present many challenges and require an integrated, easy-to-use design and verification flow. One of the primary challenges is post-layout verification, where many physical effects impact the quality and performance of the complete design. In situations where rapid pre- to post-layout turnaround is key to meeting project deadlines, new scenarios must be investigated to increase productivity, and trade-offs must be made during the design and verification process.

In this article, we will introduce new inductor device generators, which offer dramatic efficiency increases in the development and automation of RF IC design, layout creation and verification. The flexibility and ease-of-use of these device generators, which fit into the Mentor Graphics AMS SoC Design Flow, make them very attractive to any RF IC Designer.

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Design Capture for Analog-Mixed-Signal SoCs-It's Not Just About Entering Schematics Anymore!

Posted in: Custom Design & Simulation

As today's mixed-signal SoC designs continue to increase in complexity, functional verification methods are rapidly evolving. Now more than ever, new, more efficient methods of verification must be explored and adopted in order to keep up with the growing demands of SoC design.

Historically, entire designs were represented by a single set of transistor-level schematics, with each individual component, as well as the entire design itself, being functionally verified using a digital gate-level and or analog transistor-level simulator. In today's SoC designs, the necessity to incorporate reusable IP from multiple sources requires that both VHDL and Verilog modeling languages must be supported in the simulation environment. To efficiently address this requirement, functional verification must now take place in a single kernel simulation environment, with the ability to trace simulation results back to appropriate source code line in Verilog or VHDL. Additionally, there must be a means by which to co-simulate sensitive analog functions using traditional SPICE and advanced analog RF algorithms. There are also the emerging standard analog and mixed-signal functional modeling languages VHDL-AMS (IEEE 1076.1), Verilog- A, and Verilog-AMS. These languages are becoming popular as alternatives to the traditional means of drawing transistor-level schematics to enter analog and mixed-signal types of components.

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